Systematic and Common Chemical Names

Methodical and Common Chemical Names There are numerous approaches to name a concoction. Here is a glance at the contrast between various sorts of substance names, including methodical names, basic names, vernacular names and CAS numbers. Efficient or IUPAC Name The efficient nameâ also called the IUPAC name is the favored method to name a compound in light of the fact that each orderly name recognizes precisely one concoction. The deliberate name is controlled by rules set out by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Basic Name A typical name is characterized by the IUPAC as a name that unambiguously characterizes a synthetic, yet doesn't follow the current deliberate naming show. A case of a typical name is CH3)2CO, which has the orderly name 2-propanone. Vernacular Name A vernacular name is a name utilized in a lab, exchange or industry that doesn't unambiguously portray a solitary substance. For instance, copper sulfate is a vernacular name which may allude to copper(I) sulfate or copper(II) sulfate. Old Name An old name is a more established name for a substance that originates before the cutting edge naming shows. Its supportive to know bygone names of synthetic substances in light of the fact that more seasoned writings may allude to synthetic concoctions by these names. A few synthetic substances are sold under bygone names or might be found away marked with the more established names. A case of this is muriatic corrosive, which is the age-old name for hydrochloric corrosive and is one of the names under which hydrochloric corrosive is sold. CAS Number A CAS number is an unambiguous identifier alloted to a compound by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), a piece of the American Chemical Society. CAS numbers are doled out consecutively, so you cannot inform anything regarding the compound by its number. Every ca number comprises of three series of numbers that are isolated by hyphens. The primary number contains up to six digits, the subsequent number is two digits, and the third number is a solitary digit. Other Chemical Identifiers Despite the fact that the substance names and CAS Number are the most well-known approach to depict a synthetic, there are other compound identifiers you may experience. Models incorporate numbers allocated by PubChem, ChemSpider, UNII, EC number, KEGG, ChEBI, ChEMBL, RTES number and the ATC code. Case of Chemical Names Assembling everything, here are the names for CuSO4Â ·5H2O: Methodical (IUPAC) Name: copper(II) sulfate pentahydrateCommon Names: copper(II) sulfate, copper(II) sulfate, cupric sulfate, cupric sulfateVernacular Name: copper sulfate, copper sulfateArchaic Name: blue nastiness, bluestone, copper vitriolCAS Number: 7758-99-8

Annual Report of the Two Companies

Question: Examine about the Annual Report of the Two Companies. Answer: Presentation: The two recorded organizations taken for the investigation is BHP billion Ltd and Bougainville Copper Limited. The BHP billion Ltd is a worldwide oil, mining and metals organization with its headquarter situated in Melbourne, Australia having absolute resources worth 124.6 billion (Asx.com.au 2016). Bougainville Copper Limited is an Australian gold, copper, silver mining organization and its headquartered is in Papua New Guinea. The yearly announcing of both the organizations has been broke down as for the standard of AASB. Regardless of whether the announcing arrangement of the organizations consents to the prerequisite of AASB principles. According to the norms, the detailing of the financials of the organizations are set up as indicated by the structure for the broadly useful, which is planned in an approach to address the issues of the clients of the regular money related data. The system is a consistence structure or it is said that it is a reasonable structure. Here, the invest igation would be regarding the detailing prerequisite of those worried about the administration of companies and of the bookkeepers. The individual who has the commitments identified with the responsibility and the vital bearing of the element is the one accused of administration of partnerships (Careyetal 2014). Conversation: AASB reasonable system and necessities and whether the picked element consents to it. The prerequisites of the AASB standard for the revealing element regarding the calculated system and administration of companies is examined underneath. The fiscal summaries of the detailing substance must be set up from the entitys point of view as entire as opposed to the viewpoint of the financial specialists, loan bosses or the banks. The element setting up the unconsolidated budget reports needs to uncover how it can acquire the combined articulations. The element while choosing the estimation premise, factors considered while choosing ought to be given. The data uncovered in a viable and effective manner in the budget summary make it progressively important. It is a commitment to the portrayals of the benefits, liabilities, costs and pay in a dedicated way (Bond et al. 2016). The announcements of the monetary data are an essential wellspring of data with respect to the budgetary exhibition of the substance. For instance, the costs and pay in the announcement of benefit and misfortune, portrays the entitys money related execution. Notwithstanding, such things could be accounted for outside benefit and misfortune explanation and remembered for other thorough salary. At the point when cost and pay identifies with the liabilities or resources estimated at current qualities. In the event that the concerned entitys buying intensity of the capital contributed or the support of such capital, at that point budgetary capita idea is to be received by the element. On the off chance that the element is worried about its working ability, at that point the physical idea of capital is to be utilized. The budget summaries of the announcing substance ought to give delineate the idea of unrecognized things or the perceived things that is reliable with the definition and the hazard related with the component. The data about the dangers related with the benefits and liabilities of the revealing element would help in evaluating the stewardship of the administration towards the assets of element and furthermore the capacity of the element to create incomes (Chandetal 2015). Examination of the yearly report of BHP Billion Ltd The methodology of the organization to the basic worldwide difficulties depends on their sanction esteems. The association is consistent with all the standards and guidelines, which is imperative to their tasks. It additionally guarantees that the dangers emerging from rebelliousness is limited. The motivation behind the monetary report for the present year that is 2015, has been set up as per the necessities of the Australian Corporations, Act 2001 and UK organizations Act, 2006. The announcing structure likewise consents to the Australian Accounting Standards, which is being proportionate to IFRS that is International Financial Reporting measures. The understandings of the report is according to it is given by the AASB for the year 2015. The bookkeeping standard received by the organization just because which incorporate the revision to AASB/132 of the money related instruments and this explain the measures of counterbalancing the monetary liabilities and resources. IFRIC level 21 is that the risk of paying a toll is perceived when such exercises gets activated for which the installments is happening. Such selections of revisions didn't have any material effect and in this way it doesn't have made any rehashing to the earlier year fiscal report (Zhuang 2016). The organization likewise agrees to the AASB 15 Revenue from contracts with the clients, under which the hour of perceiving the income and the sum to be perceived have been changed identifying with its assurance. It depends on the rule that the element perceives the income with the goal that the exchange of administrations and merchandise to the guaranteed client has been delineated. The organization likewise conforms to the new bookkeeping principles of AASB 9 Financial instruments under which the estimation and characterization of money related resources has been adjusted. It depends on the methodology of rule based for the advantage characterization and the model of business and the attributes of income in which the benefit is held drive it. The fiscal reports have been drawn dependent on the standards of the authentic expenses. Be that as it may, some other monetary resources and afterward budgetary instruments identifying with subsidiaries are conveyed at a reasonable worth. The noncurrent resources delegated held for appropriation or deal are estimated at the reasonable worth short expenses or the conveying esteem whichever is lower. The budget reports have been incompliance with the AASB 5 for the Non-current resource held available to be purchased and ceased activities. This is delineated in the announcements, which is rehashed for a similar impact since the monetary year 2013. The substance records of BHP Billion plc are set up as per the norms of UK organizations Act, 2006 (Aasb.gov.au 2016). Figure 1: indicating the Directors presentation (Source: made by creator) Figure 2: demonstrating the Market exposure (Source: made by creator) Figure 3: demonstrating the Remuneration report Source: (made by creator) The base pay is assessed every year except the pay of CEO would remain would not be overhauled. The scorecard weighting has been expanded in view of the significance of the compensation board of trustees set on wellbeing. The level of the inferable benefit stayed unaltered. Examination of yearly report of Bougainville Copper Ltd: The organization sets it up fiscal summaries as indicated by the guidelines of PNG organizations Act, 1997 and with the International monetary standard announcing. The announcements have been set up under the show of recorded expense according to the revaluation of budgetary resources ready to move. At the point when the budget reports are set up in congruity with the principles of global money related standard detailing then it requires the evaluations of certain basic bookkeeping. In the process applying the bookkeeping arrangements, the organization needs to practice its decisions. The benefits of mines were initially expressed at executives valuation or costs and consequently devalued at the rate thought about suitable by the organization (Bhpbilliton.com 2016). The organization has not received the new gauges of IFRS 9/AASB 9on the money related instrument on the arrangement and estimation of liabilities, budgetary resources, acknowledgment of impedance misfortunes and support bookkeeping. The organization has not adjusted to the new norms in light of the fact that the understandings are not obligatory for the organization has not early received the revealing time of the year 2015 and in this manner it. The substance is of the view subsequent to leading examinations that the revised gauges would not have any material effect on the future or the present announcing periods and on the predictable exchanges (Dakis 2016). From the above investigation of the chose two organizations, BHP Billion Ltd and Bougainville Copper Ltd set up their fiscal summary, which consents to the AASB guidelines. In any case, there are some new principles set by the AASB, which isn't fused by these organizations in the readiness of the fiscal reports. BHP billion Ltd has embraced the measures set by AASB under area 132 and IFRIC 21 however there are no material effects on the BHP Billion gathering. Nonetheless, it is researched by the organization that different norms would have sway in the monetary year beginning in 2016, so it would receive its bookkeeping prerequisites with gauges set by AASB. Then again, Bougainville Copper Ltd doesn't think about the reception of the new principles required, as it would not have any material effect on the future or current detailing time of the element (Bcl.com.pg 2016). Figure 4: demonstrating the Directors report Source: (made by creator) Figure 5: demonstrating the Auditors report (Source: made by creator) Figure 6: demonstrating the Remuneration report (Source: made by creator) Tending to the divergence in corporate revealing through the consideration of reasonability in the theoretical system Reasonability is fundamental in accomplishing lack of bias and it goes about as alert under the occasion of vulnerability. At the point when organization practice reasonability, it implies that the liabilities and costs are not downplayed, likewise the pay and resources are not exaggerated. Judiciousness helps in tending to the dissimilarity in the corporate announcing of the substance in various manners. Judiciousness assists with tending to the worry of the speculators drawback dangers and the substance practicing reasonability would have the option to adjust the enthusiasm of directors and investors in this way diminishing good peril. The amendment of the term reasonability would help in tending to the revealing difference as need was felt to

Top Tips on How to Write a Rhetorical Analysis Essay

Top Tips on How to Write a Rhetorical Analysis Essay In this blog, I am going to share with you the best and the most effective ways to write a rhetorical analysis essay. It will be quite helpful for the students who always struggle while writing the rhetorical analysis essay. What is a Rhetorical Analysis Essay? Summary What is a Rhetorical Analysis Essay?How to write a rhetorical analysis essayEthosPathosLogosPrewritingGather informationCreate an outlineDevelop a thesisStart writing the introductionDevelop your body paragraphsHow to write a conclusionConclusion The rhetorical analysis essay is all about the procedure of how to influence an audience with the help of your essay. Moreover, it includes the appraising words of text. The rhetoric analysis discusses and how to text, author, an audience. The rhetorical text does not need to write, while you can use the speech, pictures, and other visual words. The rhetorical analysis essay also not support the argument presented in the text. It means to explain how to case is made, and methods were applying to make useful. How to write a rhetorical analysis essay The rhetorical analysis essay focused on complex text and comprehensive analysis. To examine the composition of the text in the rhetorical analysis essay, you should use critical thinking skills. Besides, you should need to focus on writing that based on writer wrote text by content work. You should know about elements of rhetorical elements for a good rhetorical analysis essay and how to relate to another. Three main elements of the rhetorical analysis essay Once you learn regarding three main elements, then your analysis on how to integrate reliable and persuasive arguments for an essay. It would be best if you used Ethos, Pathos, and Logos in text. It is essential to study how element work. Ethos Ethos refers to credibility for the author and determines to look by the moral character of authors. Given the decision on writer based on text looks. Pathos Pathos is an emotional feeling text to evoke the emotional feelings in the audience. Determine bond author has feeling author intends audience experience. Logos It looks at how authors persuade messages of text. Including there any logic-based author’s argument persuasion writer based on real information. Some steps for preparing a rhetorical analysis essay Prewriting You need to write a draft of the paper and note down highlights your paper to using a guide for writing.Improve a structure that will determine the content of the text.Analysis the main target of rhetoricians in your analysis.The author’s main goal is the forms of primary analysis.Select rhetorical methods that have using the main text. Gather information To make you essay good, you need to have proper research and writing skills.Before writing analysis a suitable writing style.You will need to maintain the entire essay.You should analyze the audience and need to examine the rhetorical appeal. Create an outline Someone writes an essay using a smooth flow and needs to have outlined.An outline would keep thought to manage.Always stick with the main ideas of the essay.The outline can help to define steps that will have come within proper rhetoric analysis easy.It would give step by step instructions that can you write an essay. Develop a thesis The thesis is the main point of the rhetorical analysis essay.It provides information on what the reader expects in your essay.You can outline methods and to analyze the text in an essay.Select thought that would entire essay on draw thesis statement from there.The reader should have the ability to retrace the argument. Start writing the introduction Start your introduction with the diving case of analysis.The information writer accomplished the main reason for the text.Provide the reader with the main overview point that will explain in the essay. Develop your body paragraphs Make sure your paragraph explains informative information.Analyze methods in paragraphs and use chronological order methods.Begin paragraph using the topic sentence as an open sentence for discussion methods.You should ensure evidence using credible and compelling arguments.You can use the fact-based evidence in your research paper.Introduce methods using three primary texts, Epos, Pathos, and Logos. How to write a conclusion Conclude rhetorical analysis by argument and summarizing all thought.You can write a conclusion in different ways.You will be finishing up analysis in the high note by restating the argument in the text.Apart from that, you can also restate the thesis statement of your essay.You can determine the relevance argument and understand the messages.Your conclusion can revolve thought ideas and mentions essay without new information.You should explain the conclusion and end within a positive impression. Conclusion The above information provides support to solve issues of rhetorical analysis essay writing. In addition, there are provided guidelines to get more information regarding how to write a rhetorical analysis essay writing. In case you are facing issues regarding rhetorical analysis essay writing, you can take the best essay writing help from our experts.

Critical Thinking Skills And The Little Albert Episode

Critical Thinking Skills and the Little Albert Episode Ethics remains unavoidable in most disciplines, and psychology is no exception. John Watson’s experiment deserves the current criticism because it failed to observe informed consent and protection from harm principle. The controversy arises from the principle of beneficence and non-maleficence. The principle requires psychologists, in this case, John Watson, and his student to benefit and care for his subjects. During the Experiment, Albert was nine-months-old. The age of the infants forms the first unethical behavior by Watson. The APA code requires psychologists to ensure justice, integrity, respect for people’s rights and dignity, responsibility and fidelity, and beneficence and non-maleficence. The experiment is unethical as most of the activities did not practice justice and integrity to the involved human subject. The Little Albert experiment was conducted to underline the methods to an unlimited extent. Beneath the research among John Watson, and Rosalie Rayner’s Little Albert there were many controversy behaviors linked to the code of ethics. During the controversial psychological study conducted the experiment among a nine month old child; Albert little, and Watson. The experiment was based on the emotional behavior of fear by Pavlov. He pursued to reveal how human being stimulus to the emotional responses of fear by contact. In 1920, the study by Watson exposed a 9 month baby; Albert to contact with severalShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Technology990 Words   |  4 Pagesand social skills. They can learn this from television programs such as Sesame Street, Dora, PBS kids, and many others. Many of these educational programs teach children about morals and ethics because they offer a life lesson in every episode. As well, they can learn by using programs and games su ch as Starfall, Play School, and others. Also, these types of educational video games are very helpful to teachers. A great example of how the media can be used as an educational tool is my little sister EmaRead MoreRestrictions On Technology1862 Words   |  8 Pagestechnology has become as popular as it is. From phones and computers to game consuls that can follow your movement, it is becoming more and more popular with each new generation. But between the big fancy OLED screens or the fancy gadgets that give us little personal assistants, what good is it actually doing for us? Or even for our children? If we take a step back and look at the world from a different perspective what would we see? 20 years ago we would see people interacting with each other. NeighborhoodRead MoreThe Cognitive Behavior ( Cbt ) Method2182 Words   |  9 Pagesresult in aiding Andrea in focusing on what is going on in her life at this time. The focus of the paper is how CBT is beneficial to the client to bring change. It will convey how this method of treatment will be assisting in identifying distorted thinking, modifying her beliefs, how to relate to others differently and to change her behavior patterns. The purpose of using the CBT in this case study is to demonstrate to the client she can heal from the effect of her past by focusing on what is presentlyRead MoreCartoons and Their Effect on Children2021 Words   |  9 Pagesefforts to protect their country. Such a cartoon clearly delivers a positive message to our youth by demonstrating the importance of teamwork, loyalty and love for one’s country. Furthermore, the cartoon is full of moral topics. For instance, in one episode, one of the heroines offers a golf club to the Professor that she â€Å"found†; however she has to deal with the aftermath of her actions after learning that taking something that does not belong to her is the same as stealing. Another example of a cartoonRead MoreRational Emotive Behav iour Therapy - Essay9996 Words   |  40 Pagesdifferent ways of feeling and behaving. REBT is one of a number of therapies that come under the heading ‘cognitive-behavioural’. In the mid-1950’s Dr. Albert Ellis, a clinical psychologist trained in psychoanalysis, became disillusioned with the slow progress of his clients. He observed that they tended to get better when they changed their ways of thinking about themselves, their problems, and the world. Ellis reasoned that therapy would progress faster if the focus was directly on the client’s beliefsRead MoreInsight to Coach Carter Film7710 Words   |  31 Pages news, sports and music. This film has been rated PG-13 by the Motion Picture Association of America for violence, sexual content, language, teen partying some drug material. ABOUT THE STORY Playing high school basketball takes more than skill, perseverance, discipline and teamwork – especially when you play for Coach Ken Carter (Samuel L. Jackson). Just to step on Carter’s court takes a signed contract that assures him you’ll be performing at your best on the court and in the classroomRead More Case Study on Alcoholism Essay4147 Words   |  17 Pagesby the repetitive and compulsive indigestion of any sedative drug...in such a way as to cause interference in some aspects of the subjects life, be it in the area of interpersonal relationships, job, marriage, or physical health. It is absolutely critical to appreciate that this definition does not in any way specify which sedative agent is used, the frequency of its use, or the amount ingested? (O?Brien Chafetz, 1982, p.26). Based on the above various quotations, it can be said that there is aRead MoreFactors That Hinder Freshmen Bachelor of Secondary Education Students of Pamantasa n Ng Lungsod Ng Marikina Academic Year 2011-2012 in Achieving Efficient and Effective Learning6545 Words   |  27 Pageslearning maybe resulted in changes in unobservable mental processes. According to Albert Bandura’s Observational Learning Theory, a major part of human learning consist of observational learning, which they define as learning through observing the behavior of another person called a model. According to Observational Learning Theory, particularly, is important in acquiring skills in which operant conditioning technique of shaping is inappropriate. Plotting an airplane and performingRead MorePsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 Pageshow people think, perceive, remember and learn. As part of the larger field of cognitive science, this branch of psychology is related to other disciplines including neuroscience, philosophy and linguistics. Information-processing-characterizes thinking as the environment providing input of data, which is then transformed by our senses. The information can be stored, retrieved and transformed using â€Å"mental programs†, with the results being behavioral responses. Evolutionary psychology-is focusedRead More2301 Final Exam Workbook Essay6573 Words   |  27 Pagesvariable?_______________________________________________ 1c. What is the control group?____________________________________________________ 1d. What is/are the experimental group(s)?__________________________________________ 3. Why is random assignment critical to the experimental method? Objective 1.7 Explain the rationale behind placebo-controlled experiments. Key Terms placebo double-blind technique placebo effect experimenter bias Exercises 1. Why do researchers use placebos and double-blind designs

Compare and Contrast Billy Budd versus Bartleby Essay

A Comparison/Contrast Analysis of Billy Budd and Bartleby Several comparisons and contrasts can be made concerning the two stories, Billy Budd and Bartleby, written by Herman Melville. The setting of the two stories reveals an interesting comparison and contrast between the British Navy on the open sea, and the famous Wall Street of New York. The comparison and contrast of characters, Billy Budd, Captain Vere, and Claggart in Billy Budd, and the `narrator and Bartleby in Bartleby, at times are very much alike, and also very different. The conflict, climax and resolution of the two Melville stories contain similarities and differences. These two stories, on the exterior, appear to be very different, and on the interior†¦show more content†¦The setting for Billy Budd is on a British naval ship, sailing on the sea during the late 1700s. This was a critical period for the British Navy. Great Britain was at that time an imperial presence all around the world. This included the Americas, Africa, Australia, India, and the Far East. All these territories had stretched British Naval forces beyond its capacity to govern and control such a huge empire. These complications eventually led to its decline. In contrast, the setting for Bartleby was New York Citys Wall Street. During the early to mid 1800s, Wall Street was the center of Americas financial and business life. The banking and credit institutions, insurance companies, and the growing stock exchange were all revolutionizing the American economy. The comparison and contrast of the characters will begin with who the main characters are. In the story of Bartleby, the main characters are the unnamed `narrator, who is the employer at the copying office; and Bartleby, the hired scrivener, or copyist. There are several minor characters in this story, and their symbolism is of some small significance to the story. In Billy Budd, the main characters are Billy Budd, the handsome sailor; Claggart, the master-at-arms; and Captain Vere, the commander of the ship. The

Marketing $100 Laptop Free Essays

Mr. Negroponte wanted to create educational opportunities for the world’s poorest children by providing each child with a low cost laptop. This laptop will have educational software to provide children with otherwise unavailable technological learning opportunities. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing $100 Laptop or any similar topic only for you Order Now OLPC provides an interesting vantage point from which to examine the dynamics between non-profit and for-profit competitors because of the rapid development of the low-cost laptop market. OLPC was undoubtedly the innovator in this category of low-cost laptops with their â€Å"$100 laptop† concept. However, now that for-profit companies have entered the market and released a slew of similar products, OLPC must find ways to maintain its competitive advantage. OLPC was facing some marketing challenges and some the non-marketing challenges. The $100 price for the laptops is to be achieved by operating with no profit, cutting all unnecessary frills including marketing campaigns and assembling large quantities of computers. Negroponte estimated the program will launch with a distribution of at least 5 million computers, and said he hopes to increase that number to 100 million by the second year. He predicted that as the laptop design improves, the per-unit price will go down. Marketing Challenges: †¢ Marketing a low-cost, lightweight laptop seemed contradictory to recent products that are lightweight and ultra-thin that were typically more expensive and harder to manufacture. †¢ Most children using $100 laptop would not have ready access to electricity. †¢ Consumers criticizing OLPC for discounting the value of teacher training and curriculum development using the device. †¢ Governments opting out to put its resources toward traditional method of education. †¢ Prices for the OLPC don’t seem to stay at $100 causing different price floats. †¢ Competition like Intel(for profit companies) launching its own cheaper laptop targeting developing nations as well. Offering enhanced capabilities and the ability to run version of Linux or Window XP 3. Analysis: Differentiation: Price and Technology OLPC should differentiate its product, the XO, from direct competitors such as Intel’s Classmate PC and indirect competitors in the netbook category such as Dell Mini product lines. Differentiation must be visible on three distinct levels; price, technology, and brand. Price: OLPC is currently the cost-leader in this category. The Intel Classmate PC, which is OLPC’s most direct competitor, is currently priced at $285. The OLPC’s XO is priced at $175. Since both OLPC and its competitors are serving government education programs, cost will be extremely important as a number of nations are creating bidding wars for purchasing contracts. Even though OLPC is the lowest cost offering at this point, maintaining this price advantage will become increasingly difficult as competition in the market for low-cost laptops heats up. OLPC overcame some of the challenges by keeping laptop at low-cost by outsourcing the major design work and key part of the operating systems to different countries. Technology and Innovation: OLPC had a first-mover advantage in this market as its XO offering was perhaps the first entrant into the affordable netbook category. OLPC is specialized for its market of children ages 6-12. The design and child-friendly operating system is very unique. The unique connectivity is important for rural areas with sparse communications infrastructure. The XO is built for ultimate adaptability. Even its power sources can be diversified. OLPC has done an admirable job differentiating its product from its competitors through its innovative technologies and education-specific software and hardware. Competitive Strategy: Though OLPC is a leader on price and feature set, sustaining this advantage will be extremely difficult when facing competition from the largest computer companies in the world. Thus to keep its top position, it must leverage its advantages as a non-profit organization. OLPC must create value from its non-profit status to build reputation and trust. As a non-profit, OLPC can build goodwill in ways that for-profit companies are not able. Also being a non-profit enables OLPC to finance and maintain pricing schemes that are different than the competition. In terms of cost savings, OLPC has the advantage that many companies are eager to produce components for the OLPC. For example, Microsoft has gone out of its way to create a version of Windows to run on the OLPC. This is a cost savings that competitive firms are unable to match. To exploit this advantage further, OLPC could even attract advertisement agency to advertise on their PCs to further lower the cost of each machine. How to cite Marketing $100 Laptop, Essay examples

Lateral Thinking Essay Example

Lateral Thinking Paper 1. Introduction As human beings, people have different ways of thinking. The way they think will influence their decisions. Nowadays, some people try to improve their potential to think uniquely. This type of thinking can be called Lateral thinking. This concept is very useful for people who are working in business organisation especially when they make a decision. This report will illustrate more about lateral thinking, the method to improve lateral thinking, and how to use this concept in corporate world. 2. Lateral Thinking There are three basics ways of thinking, which are logical thinking, common sense, and puzzles science. Logical thinking is where people do not over look to the reason why they consider thing as correct. For example, a car will not run without fuel and most people know it without comprehend this problem. The second basic method is common sense. In this method where people find solution for their problems based on their experience. The third method is Puzzles and science where people try to find solution for certain problem. (Mero 1990, pp. 11-36) Mero has overlooked a new method of thinking which called Lateral Thinking was first introduced by Edward de Bono. He stated that lateral thinking is the way of thinking which approach different principles and ideas (Lateral thinking 2006). An example to describe Lateral thinking: â€Å"You cannot dig a hole in a different place by digging the same hole deeper. † (de Bono 1992, p. 52) From this example, Edward de Bono emphasized that people should look at things from different alternatives and perception. Thinking of different alternatives will help people to eliminate conventional way of thinking and find new solution to their problems. (de Bono 1992, p. 53) 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Lateral Thinking specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lateral Thinking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lateral Thinking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lateral Thinking in relation with creativity and Innovation Altering concepts and perception lead people to think laterally. This changing process involves creativity to generate new ideas. According to De Bono (1992, p. 55) assert â€Å"The term â€Å"lateral thinking† is very precise. Lateral thinking is based on behavior of self-organizing information system. † Even though the basic pattern of lateral thinking is focusing on searching of perception and concepts, its still considers the shifting of its process. In other words, creative thinking is a process of finding new concepts and ideas to solve a problem. (de Bono 1992, p. 5) Characteristics of creative thinkers are innovative and creative, imaginative in problem solving, arranged mind, positive thinking, and hard working (Tanner 1992). The first characteristic is creative and innovative which means creative thinkers dislike of being stagnant and they will do creative act to make changes. Their creative way of th inking may contribute to the benefit of themselves and their community. Second characteristic is imaginative in the way of searching alternatives for problem solving, â€Å"They do not grab at the first idea to solve a problem but take the time to search for alternatives†. Third characteristic is arranged mind. At this point, creative thinkers will adopt the situation and try to get the idea from that situation. Fourth characteristics of creative thinkers is positive thinking, it means they see things even problems in positive way. The last characteristics is hard working which means creative thinkers always focus and concentrate their mind and put effort on their goal. (Tanner 1992) 4. Access to Understand Lateral Thinking There are several accesses to understand lateral thinking which are â€Å"reading materials, seminars and lectures, group and individual practice. (Bono 1971, p 158-163) Reading materials is the first access to understand lateral thinking, where people can find the information from book. However, there will be misunderstanding of this subject when people only read and try to understand from books. The second access is attending seminars and lectures which only cover the background of lateral thinking theory because seminars and lec tures only concentrate to one technique (de Bono 1971, p. 158). The last accesses that people can use are group and individual practice. According to De Bono (1971, p. 58), group practice will give pictures about lateral thinking methods. Moreover, people can learn lateral thinking by individual practice. â€Å"The purpose of individual practice in lateral thinking is to acquire skill and confidence in this type of thinking. † (De Bono 1971, p. 158) 5. Methods to Improve Lateral Thinking Nowadays, people have to improve their skill to think laterally. There are many methods to develop lateral thinking that were introduced by Edward de Bono. Particularly, this report will only concentrated on six thinking hats method and the creative pause method (Bono 1992). . 1 Six thinking hats method Six thinking hats method is â€Å"a model that can be used for exploring different perspective towards a complex situation or challenge. † (Bono 1985) The purpose of this method is to h elp individuals directly accept the difference point of view of one thing. Edward de Bono uses different colors to explain this method. For example, white represents objective facts, red represents justification, black represents logical negative views, yellow represents looks for benefit, green represents new ideas and blue represents organizer. Trained employees who attend this training wear one hat to put them selves in other person’s position. From this process, employees can learn to see one subject from different point of view. The advantages of this system can develop communication skill among the employees within organisation and help decision making. (de Bono 1979 and de Bono1985) 5. 2 The Creative pause method This method is the easiest way for people to train their lateral thinking skill. However, in order to make this method effective people should give special attempt and high commitment to learn the method. de Bono 1992) â€Å"The creative pause is an interruption in the smooth flow of routine in order to pay deliberate attention at some point. † (De Bono 1992, p. 86) When using this method, people will focus to some objects or problems and many questions will come into their minds which respond intention the situation that occur. For example, â€Å"Why we eat in the restaurant? †, â€Å"Wh y we do not eat at home? †, â€Å"How about if we do not eat anything tonight†. (de Bono 1992, p. 86) Motivation plays an important role in learning the method, when people have the right motivation it will give them benefits, and that is being able to think creatively. In addition, hope also gives a significant impact since there is a new possibility for a solution. (de Bono 1992, p. 87) As mentioned above, this method is the easiest way to learn lateral thinking; therefore it does not require any special system. De Bono (1992, p. 88) stated, â€Å"the main point of the pause is to give attention to something and to place that point in your mind as being worthy of attention. † To think creatively, people should think slowly in order to concentrate on particular point. For example, when drawing it is important to take time in order to get a good inspiration to be applied on the painting. (de Bono 1992, p. 88) People should understand the difference between creative pause and selecting important parts of the problem. Essentially, creative pause only concentrate in creating new idea about the problem. (de Bono 1992, p. 89) 6. Application of lateral thinking in Business Organisation Today, many large business organisations are trying to look at creative thinking method which founded by Edward De Bono. This method becomes famous in UK and many companies send their representatives to take advantage of this method. Several companies that have been applying lateral thinking within the organization are IBM, Federal Express and British Airways. Those companies are implementing the theory of lateral thinking by establishing program of thinking creatively and systematically using six thinking hats method which already explained above. (Evans 1994) Another company that has applied Lateral thinking is NDS (Norse Dairy System) which based in Columbus, Ohio. They were applying lateral thinking method by creatively made various types of ice-cream cones in 2003. NDS was the first ice-cream cones supplier that created cones in flavors, iced oatmeal cookies, and chocolate vanilla cookies covered with chocolate. That kind of innovation in the ice-cream industry was created by thinking outside the box because at that time, there was no other competitor who had the same innovation. (Be a Trend Setter 2003, pp. 6-7) Implementation of Lateral thinking in business organisation has made many companies succeed and become more effective and efficient. More over, the most important of applying this method is making modern corporate world more innovative and creative (Evans 1994). 7. Conclusion In conclusion, lateral thinking is very important for problem solving in modern world because with lateral thinking people can observe one thing in different perspectives and try to find new solution for the problem. The founder of lateral thinking, Edward de Bono, has made significant changing in corporate world which lead many organisations to be successful by implementing lateral thinking.

Bcom 275 assignment 1.1 Essays - Email, Communication, Free Essays

Bcom 275 assignment 1.1 Essays - Email, Communication, Free Essays Bcom 275 assignment 1.1 Assignments Exercise 1.1: Communication Process Model Directions: Think of a misunderstanding you experienced when communicating with someone else at work, home, or school. Then fill in the blanks of the chart below. Misunderstanding Number 1 Who was the sender? My Manager Dan Who was the receiver? Myself What was the message? My manager was communicating to be the way the produce department was to be reset and stocked. What channel was used to send the message? Verbal communication. What was the misunderstanding that occurred? His instructions on the way that the produce was to be stacked was clear but the information on where each item was to be reset at was unclear. How could the misunderstanding have been avoided? This miscommunication could have been avoided in my manager would have given me an outline of where each item was to be place. 1.What did you learn about the communication process from this activity? With this communication process what I learn is that when unsure of something ask more questions and make sure that all instructions are all completely understood that are given. 2.What seemed to be the main causes of the misunderstandings? The main cause of this was the lack of communication between the two of us and making sure that the receiver had complete understanding of what the message was saying. Misunderstanding Number 2 Who was the sender? Supervisor Gale Who was the receiver? Myself What was the message? Time requested off What channel was used to send the message? Email What was the misunderstanding that occurred? A few months prior to needing time off I submitted a request for a few days off. A few day before the time that was needed off I emailed my supervisor to remind her that I would be off the next few days off. She called me and informed me that she had sent me an email back that she had denied me the time off. Found out later that day that she had sent the message to another person in the building with the same name and that the other employee had forgot to tell me or forward the email to me. How could the misunderstanding have been avoided? This type of misunderstanding could have been avoided if I would of followed up with another email or making a call her after not hearing back within a week of sending the email. 1.What did you learn about the communication process from this activity? That one should always follow up when important message are sent to other to prevent a lack of communication between the sender and receiver. 2.What seemed to be the main causes of the misunderstandings? The main cause for this misunderstanding was that my manager Gale or I did a follow up to make sure that the messages was received.

Prehistoric Life During the Devonian Period

Prehistoric Life During the Devonian Period From a human perspective, the Devonian period was a crucial time for the evolution of vertebrate life: this was the period in geological history when the first tetrapods climbed out of the primordial seas and began to colonize dry land. The Devonian occupied the middle part of the Paleozoic Era (542-250 million years ago), preceded by the Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian periods and followed by the Carboniferous and Permian periods. Climate and Geography The global climate during the Devonian period was surprisingly mild, with average ocean temperatures of only 80 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit (compared to as high as 120 degrees during the preceding Ordovician and Silurian periods). The North and South Poles were only marginally cooler than the areas closer to the equator, and there were no ice caps; the only glaciers were to be found atop high mountain ranges. The smallish continents of Laurentia and Baltica gradually merged to form Euramerica, while the giant Gondwana (which was destined to break apart millions of years later into Africa, South America, Antarctica, and Australia) continued its slow southward drift. Terrestrial Life Vertebrates. It was during the Devonian period that the archetypal evolutionary event in the history of life  took place: the adaptation of lobe-finned fish to life on dry land. The two best candidates for the earliest tetrapods (four-footed vertebrates) are Acanthostega and Ichthyostega, which themselves evolved from earlier, exclusively marine vertebrates like Tiktaalik and Panderichthys. Surprisingly, many of these early tetrapods possessed seven or eight digits on each of their feet, meaning they represented dead ends in evolution since all terrestrial vertebrates on earth today employ the five-finger, five-toe body plan. Invertebrates. Although tetrapods were certainly the biggest news of the Devonian period, they werent the only animals that colonized  dry land. There was also a wide array of small arthropods, worms, flightless insects and other pesky invertebrates, which took advantage of the complex terrestrial plant ecosystems that started to develop at this time to gradually spread inland (though still not too far away from bodies of water). During this time, though, the vast bulk of life on earth lived deep in the water. Marine Life The Devonian period marked both the apex and the extinction of the placoderms, prehistoric fish characterized by their tough armor plating (some placoderms, such as the enormous Dunkleosteus, attained weights of three or four tons). As noted above, the Devonian also teemed with lobe-finned fish, from which the first tetrapods evolved, as well as relatively new ray-finned fish, the most populous family of fish on earth today. Relatively small sharkssuch as the bizarrely ornamented Stethacanthus and the weirdly scaleless Cladoselachewere an increasingly common sight in the Devonian seas. Invertebrates like sponges and corals continued to flourish, but the ranks of the trilobites were thinned out, and only the giant eurypterids (invertebrate sea scorpions) successfully competed with vertebrate sharks for prey. Plant Life It was during the Devonian period that the temperate regions of the earths evolving continents first became truly green. The Devonian witnessed the first significant jungles and forests, the spread of which was aided by the evolutionary competition among plants to gather as much sunlight as possible (in a dense forest canopy, a tall tree has a significant advantage in harvesting energy over a tiny shrub). The trees of the late Devonian period were the first to evolve rudimentary bark (to support their weight and protect their trunks), as well as robust internal water-conduction mechanisms that helped to counteract the force of gravity. The End-Devonian Extinction The end of the Devonian period ushered in the second great extinction of prehistoric life on earth, the first being the mass extinction event at the end of the Ordovician period. Not all animal groups were affected equally by the End-Devonian Extinction: reef-dwelling placoderms and trilobites were especially vulnerable, but deep-sea organisms escaped relatively unscathed. The evidence is sketchy, but many paleontologists believe that the Devonian extinction was caused by multiple meteor impacts, debris from which may have poisoned the surfaces of lakes, oceans, and rivers.

Soya-bean Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Soya-bean - Essay Example However, now doubts have been raised by scientists, doctors and nutritionists that soy is not that healthy after all and that soy poses special health risk A very interesting account of the historical travel of the soy plant in the Western world has been documented by Hymowitz (1990). While his idea that the soy plant was a saviour, or manna from heaven itself, for many people can be and is subjected to much debate, the historical account of the origin of the plant is well worth a read. Soya bean is a gift to the new world from the ancient oriental (Chinese , Japanese civilization). Before we take up the issue of the actual debate of the nutrient value and the positive and negative effects of this miracle plant, it would be worthwhile to have a brief glimpse into the origin and historical path travelled by it. Recorded history traces of its origin dates back to 2838 BC in China and to 6th century in Japan. Ibn Europe the records show an introduction of the plant as late as the 17th century , with America eventually catching up. Nonetheless, the USA produces one-third of the world's supply and indeed has seen a rise in the actual sales of soy product by nearly 3 times in the past decade. Like most legumes and beans, soy bean... Interestingly they also contain a high proportion of fat, however since this is mostly unsaturated fat, the effects of such lipid forms are mostly beneficial for an individual. However it is important to address that this nutrient content profile is applicable to Whole Foods and not Supplements. Much of the research to date has examined dietary soy in the form of whole foods such as tofu, "soymilk," or as soy protein added to foods, and the public health community mostly concurs that these whole foods can be worthwhile additions to a healthy diet. The recently raised concerns, however, focus on specific components of soy, such as the soy isoflavones daidzein and genistein, not the whole food or intact soy protein. In this respct we need to understand the nutrient content of soy been at the micronutrient level. This is also important since there has been an increase in chemicals, available over the counter in pills and powders, which are both, advertised and marketed as dietary supplements for use by women to help lessen menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes. While it may be possible that soy bean, in whole food has some efficacy for improving a lot of diseased condition, it is imperative to understand that teasing out individual chemicals would not be a good practice. This problem has been very accurately summarised by Wood; "There are probably hundreds of protective compounds in soy [foods]. It's just too big a leap to assume that a pill could do the same thing" (Woods, 2000). The need to exercise caution hence is clear and care must be taken in hailing soy as the food that can do only good. Nonetheless, there is much effect in the literature which supports the increased prevalence of soy bean as a health food. C Soybean as Food While not every form

Corporate Social Responsibility for Multi-national Organizations Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility for Multi-national Organizations - Essay Example Companies like GE, BP, Starbucks, Dell, Pfizer, and Apple are loved and hated by many people for many different reasons (Colvin, 2006). However, none of these companies can afford their brand name and image to be tarnished in any way. Undoubtedly, we are living in the information age and even rumors about a company’s suppliers maltreating employees in China, or the company’s employees facing racial as well as gender based discrimination can have real effects on the bottom line of the company. Even though it is possible for a company to be appreciated based on its financial performance alone (Forbes, 2005), greater appreciation comes with social responsibility along with financial performance (Natural Health, 2005). The combination of these two forces means that a company has to be extremely careful in maintaining its image as well as its profits. Social responsibility is not merely an idea for exceeding the ethical responsibility of a company; it is the chance to seek out an image that has remained exclusively in the domain of NGOs and social organizations i.e. being a ‘green’ company. While this implies being environmentally friendly, the environment includes a lot more than making sure that the smokestacks of the industry do not create more than an acceptable level of pollution. In the context of social responsibility, the environment also includes the business environment of the company including who supplies material to the firm and who buys its products. Strangely enough, GE has been rated as the most admired company in America (Fisher, 2006) as well as the world (Demos, 2006) yet it has only published two corporate responsibility reports in all its existence. The first one was published in 2005 and the second one was published this year (GE, 2006). Considering that several other companies have been publishing such reports since 1995,

River Journey In Brazil :: essays research papers

Dear Irene, I would first like to thank you, for encouraging me to enter the competition and I could not believe that I won. As soon as they called out my name on the radio, I went running around my house, crazy, jumping up and down on my small bed, which I think I ruined the springs in it. Although it’s a pity you could not come with me, because the fact is that I had a spectacular holiday. There was a variety of choices on where to go, but none of them interests me except for one that I have not tried yet, and that was ‘Rafts and river journeys’ in the Amazon river, Brazil. I have never, in my life, experienced river journeys and I heard it could be a lot of fun and dangerous so I can face my fears. My best friend, Mike, and I went on a first class ticket in Brasilia Airlines that was very comfortable for a six-hour trip. As we landed on the capital of Brazil, Brasilia we didn’t imagine that this city can be strikingly beautiful, and fortunately is a lot better than Jeddah. We then met our raft experts in the airport. They were both female, which was really unexpected, because the experts are usually male, well one of them is called Joila and the other one’s called Lavita, I find Lavita very attractive. She had a tall, fit body, long blonde hair and a face more beautiful than Cindy Crawford. They took us to the city. The city had unspoiled landscapes, different types of antique markets around a distinctive building, there were several skyscrapers in the middle of the city, but that didn’t spoil the scenery, if you were in the middle of the city you would see lime-green mountains at a very long distance. They drove us to their camp, which was far out of the c ity and nearby the Amazon River. The campsite was in a charming location, along the campsite was pale green bushes around the campsite, caravans just beside the entrance was very big because it is used for their office, a small lake can be seen just a few hundred metres beside the camp for us to practice, there is an exotic view if you looked on top of the small hill, it was as if you were on top of the world. Lavita firstly showed us to our small white caravans for us to unpack.

Case Study: Chrysler-Fiat Partnership Essay

When America’s economical crisis reached its apex, domestic car manufacturers were at the forefront of struggling industries, and Chrysler was one of the hardest hit (Car and Driver, 2008). In 2008 the automotive giant, along with fellow industry stalwart General Motors, received a $17.4-billion reprieve from the American Government to keep from closing its doors altogether (Car and Driver). Chrysler did lose a lot of respectability, and was ordered to cease and desist with any new product development until the company proved it could be a viable business (Gluckman & Kurczewski, 2009). However, the loan from the government proved to still not be enough to get Chrysler back on its feet, and in 2009 the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy (Groth, 2011). Fiat faced its own organizational struggles in 2003-2004 before new CEO Sergio Marchionne led the Italian automotive manufacturer back to respectability (Gluckman & Kurczewski). Still, after watching European car sales fall to a 17 year low and needing a boost to his company’s revenue, Marchionne saw the Chrysler situation as a way to get into the American market (The Economist, 2013). Objectives Sought by Each Partner: Chrysler’s objectives in the partnership with Fiat were pretty simple: it needed a financial boost to maintain its place in the industry and new technology if it wanted to grow and advance (Marrs, 2009). After egregiously unsuccessful partnerships with Daimler-Benz and Cerberus Management Group and a multi-billion dollar loan from the American Government ended with Chrysler filing for bankruptcy, the company was in desperate need of a method to regain viability (Marrs; Krisher & Strumpf, 2009; Gluckman & Kurczewski, 2009). Although Chrysler received no money in the deal, it will emerge as a new, leaner group minus billions in debt, 789 underperforming dealerships, and burdensome labor costs, not to mention gaining Fiat’s  technology to build new environmentally friendly, fuel efficient, high-quality vehicles (Krisher & Strumpf). Fiat’s objective in the partnership was to provide a financial boost to its own company without accumulating additional debt (Ebhardt, 2013). Fiat, Italy’s largest auto manufacturer, would like to expand its market to become a global competitor. Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne believes that to compete with General Motors, Volkswagen, and Toyota, the merged Fiat-Chrysler will need to produce 5.5-6 million cars a year, compared to its current output of 4.1 million (The Economist, 2013). Basis of Dialogue Leading to the Partnership: The basis of a dialogue leading to a potential partnership was the concept of a mutually beneficial situation for all parties involved (Cox, 2013). Fiat has the capital, new technologies to develop high-efficiency cars, and reverence from Ferrari and Maserati fans that will allow Chrysler to regain its place among top domestic auto manufacturers in the United States (Groth, 2013). Fiat will share with Chrysler its platforms and powertrain technology, including engines, transmissions, and fuel-saving technology (Gluckman & Kurczewski, 2009). Through Fiat, Chrysler will also get better distribution of its products in Europe, India, Brazil and China (Gluckman & Kurczewski). Chrysler is the 3rd-largest U.S. auto company and is a trusted brand with the international appeal, customer base, and facilities that will allow Fiat to become a serious competitor in the global automotive manufacturing market (Groth). Chrysler was also in no position to be patient for an extended period of time. While its factories sat idled during the bankruptcy process, the automaker reportedly lost 100 million per day (Krisher & Strumpf, 2009). Steps Taken by Each Company: The partnership between Fiat and Chrysler, which is still an ongoing process, is being approached in phases. Initially Chrysler agreed to give Fiat a 35% holding in return for an influx of new engines and platforms, research and development, and help retooling its plants (Marrs, 2009). This approach allowed both organizations to ease into the partnership, without either side immediately taking on too much debt or risk (Cox, 2013). Analysts were not  able to exactly predict the partnership between Fiat and Chrysler. In fact, Chrysler was in talks with General Motors before both companies began to experience serious financial hardships (Gluckman & Kurczewski, 2009). Looking to avoid the management mistakes that doomed Chrysler’s partnerships with Daimler and Cerberus, Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne has made it clear that Fiat/Chrysler will run as one company (Trujillo, 2013). As Mr. Marchionne announced at a media briefing, â€Å"This management team spends their time traveling and making decisions, but this thing runs as one house. There is no question about who runs what; I run one company† (Vlasic, 2013, pp. 4).

War On Drugs A Comparative Analysis Of Human Rights...

Hermione Dorce Richard Stahler-Sholk PLSC 367 07 April 2016 War on drugs or a war on people ? A comparative analysis of human rights violation in Latin America Ever since the War on Drugs campaign began there has been a more complex relationship between the U.S and Latin America. While the media portrays the U.S as providing aid to Latin America to combat such issues, the U.S is also seen as a victim in the war on drugs. Over the course of the war on drugs numerous human rights violations have been reported. In some Latin American countries, such as Mexico and Colombia, the U.S military and economic aid involvement contributes to human rights violations while creating and guaranteeing new spaces of investment for large private†¦show more content†¦Eventually this led to the empowerment of the Mexican drug cartels in the 1990s. In some countries drug trafficking has become a family tradition. In Mexico drug trafficking is so ingrained in the culture that there is genre of music that celebrates trafficking called narcocorridos. A drug cartel is generally defined as any organization that promotes, controls, or is significantly involved in drug trafficking (Drug Cartels and Organized Crimes).The influential drug cartels are highly organized criminal groups that control the drug trafficking from Colombia and countries south of the United States border. â€Å"The majority of the cartel s weapons and cash have been smuggled in from the United States†(Truthloader). Cartel crimes are beyond drug trafficking as they conduct mass kidnappings, extortion, steal from oil industries, auto theft, and other crimes in which they are often referred to as militias or terrorists(Truthloader). Distinguishing between the cartels and the police is not always an easy task because corruption is riffed (Truthloader)). Many people who have fought against the cartels end up working for them. Several journalists have lost their lives or been bought off which leads to a weakened media which cannot always report on the cartel (Tr uthloader). The violence does not stop there as an estimated 61 human rights workers have been killed in the last five years. Cartels also have employed child soldiers, many

Should Women Serve in the Military - 1989 Words

Topic: Should women serve in the military? The essence of war is not good. During the WWI, more than ten million dead and tens of millions disabled; cities, villages, roads, bridges, factories were destroyed. The amount of money for war costs up to about eighty four billion dollars [9]. The fate of those who faced a battle between life and death was questioned. The world was considering that was it worth to sacrifice that much? Especially, women played a big role in army and they have had to suffer after the war ended even. Today, women are more active and independent. They join many fields and keep high positions in companies. However, speaking of inducting in army, the problem is still lingering. The story still continues to decide†¦show more content†¦The second determinant of deciding whether women should induct to army is psychological aspects. Women are easily psychologically affected. It is hard for them to get used to blood or violent fighting. They may get scared when facing a partner who is bleeding and do not know what to do even though they are well trained. Moreover, it takes more time to train a female soldier familiar with fighting or combat. They could get clumsy whilst having real situation due to unstably psychology. This will affect not only herself but also her partners since military needs readiness while in actions. Another aspect is love. Women tend to be loved and like to be embraced. They are easily soft hearted facing something reminds them of family, lover or old memory. Sometimes, feelings can influence the others. For example, when seeing an injured enemy, a woman may feel merciful and worst, that will cost her killed. Last but not least, changing personalities or appearances negatively during process of military service can be considered. Decide if your hair is going to work for you while youre at Boot Camp. My hair was long and I wasnt about to fix my hair up in a bun every day. With the intense training I would have to fix my hair all of the time, especially with the sticklers the Drill Sergeants are about soldier representation. A soldier also told me that some of the female soldiersShow MoreRelatedWhy Women Should Be Drafted and Serve in the U.S. Military during War1291 Words   |  6 PagesSection #15654 April 22, 2013 Why Women Should be Drafted and Serve in the U.S. Military during Time of War Throughout time women have gone to war along-side their male counterparts without any question as to what role they couldn’t play but rather what contributions they brought with them. History shows that women have played a vital role in military combat and have been very successful filling any role that their male equivalent has played during combat. Military women have led armies into battle,Read MoreWhy Women Should Fight The Front Line1321 Words   |  6 PagesI Believe Women Should Be On The Front Line I believe women should fight side by side with men. I believe women are equal to men, there s only a physical difference but we are all the same. Women can do everything a man can. If women fight in the front line i think there would be less casualties than there right now. Although women should be fighting in front line in the military many believe they should not. More than 200,000 position will still be remain exclusive to men. women won t beRead MoreWomen As A Person s Gender1408 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Mau Ms. Strohlin U.S. History 10 May 2015 Women Serving In Combat The simple factor of a person’s gender, in some cases, restricts a person from having the chance to get the same opportunities as another gender. In The United States of America, the problem of women not even having the chance to receive the same opportunities as men, has become a growing problem. The Declaration of Independence, one of the documents that The United States of America was founded upon, says the words, â€Å"†¦AllRead MoreEssay Military Women Should NOT Be Allowed in Combat Positions1223 Words   |  5 Pagesfeelings in the United States that, as women are having more rights given to them that were previously restricted, women should be given everything that is offered to men. This is becoming very true in the military, where much sentiment is that women should be given the opportunity to serve in combat arms positions. Women are currently allowed to serve in combat support positions, such as military intelligence and air support positions, but they ar e not allowed to serve in positions such as infantry, armorRead MoreWomen Should Be Allowed For The Military Combat Just Like The Men1148 Words   |  5 PagesWoman should be allowed to serve in the military combat just like the men. The year 1994 was the year they banned women from being in military combat. Ever since January 2013 they have tried to find ways to lift the ban. In January 2016 they had to decide whether women should or should not be in combat. Women have performed in combat some have even died in defense of our county. The woman served regardless the problem. It was recommended by the marine corps to open up positions to women regardlessRead MoreEssay about Is the exclusion of women from frontline combat sexism?1103 Words   |  5 PagesExcluding women from frontline combat is essentially sexist. Regardless of the many substantial contributions women have made to the United States military from the American Revolutionary war to the contemporary Iraq and Afghanistan wars, it has long been a sanctuary of masculinity, which consequently, has resulted in the organization’s steadfast resistance against women’s direct martial participation. The opponents of women frontline combat argue that females are unable to execute the requiredRead MoreReasons to Not Allow Women in the Front Lines1775 Words   |  7 Pages200,000 plus women are on active duty for the military out of 1.4 million serving. Out of the 200,000, 2.7 percent of them make up the front line units (CNN). This is approximately 5,400 women that are enlisted and are f ighting on the front lines. This number is very low and should be much higher. This number represents the idea that the military believes women should not be on the front lines. Many people in society believe that what the military is doing is wrong and females should be able to fightRead MoreWomen Should Not Be Allowed For Military Combat1507 Words   |  7 PagesMany people believe that women should not be allowed to serve in military combat. This is ridiculous, as many women have achieved great military success throughout history. At first, women mainly served as nurses and sometimes as spies, as in the cases of Harriet Tubman and Mary Ludwig Hays. â€Å"Mary went to a nearby stream and repeatedly carried containers of water to the soldiers...she also carried wounded men to safety and took over firing her husband’s gun when he became wounded† (Worth 16). TubmanRead MoreWomen During World War II1508 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout American history, women have contr ibuted greatly to the war effort and military support of our troops. It began as early as the Revolutionary War when women followed their husbands to war out of necessity. Many served in military camps as laundresses, cooks, and nurses but only with permission from the commanding officers and only if they proved they were helpful (â€Å"Timeline: Women in the U.S. Military†). During World War II, more than 400,000 women served at home and abroad as mechanicsRead MoreNearly One-Fifth Of The U.S Military Is Female, However1319 Words   |  6 Pagesthe U.S military is female, however certain jobs are not eligible for women. Is it believed that women are not considered for front-line combat and Special Forces positions. Opponents argue that women are physically not capable of being effective for troops and would distract men making the military less effective. However women are fully capable of becoming troops the only thing holding them back is the stereotype that they are not physically capable of handing combat roles. Women in the military

Significant Themes in Murmuring Judges by David Hare Essay

The purpose of this essay is to identify the significant themes in Murmuring Judges by David Hare and to show how these themes have been presented to the audience. David Hare graduated from Cambridge University in 1968; that same year he co-founded the Portable Theatre Company with his friend Richard Bicat. Ironically he was to launch his writing career because the Company was left in the lurch by a playwright just four days before rehearsals were due to start. Hare jumped into the breach and penned a short satirical piece on the unlikelihood of revolution in Britain. This rather hasty first attempt at writing turned out to be a resounding success; which inspired Hare to further writings.†¦show more content†¦This perception that those people within the Judiciary are out of touch; perhaps even oblivious to normal life is affirmed in Hare’s delivery of the discussion about fundraising for the Bar between Cuddeford, Sir Peter and Irene. â€Å"We started fund-raising for a campaign about 4 days ago.† â€Å"How much have you raised?† â€Å"One million† â€Å"That sounds an auspicious start. One million?† David Hare has the ability to elicit extremes of sentiment from his audience; as succinctly as he alludes to the pomposity of the members of the Judiciary, he provokes sympathy and empathy in equal measures for Gerard, the ‘would be’ villain of the piece. The audience become privy to Gerard’s thoughts in a stream of consciousness as he stands awaiting the verdict of the Jury at his trial. What they see is a rather scruffy youth with long unkempt hair; however his thoughts are in fact eloquent and emotive; eliciting from the audience a certain amount of sympathy for his predicament. â€Å"Finally I get it, yes, it is happening, these men, every one of them silver haired, judicious, informed, they will go home to their wives, to wine in fine glasses and gossip of the Bar, they will walk the streets and complain about their lives, and I...And I† Hare shows that despite appearances; here stands a young man who can look around him and identify the reality of the situation. What is more he isShow MoreRelatedProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesConventional accounting reports do not show the cost effects of these technical decisions until it is too late to reconsider. We would need to provide the project manager with cost commitment reports at each decision state to enable him or her to judge when costs are getting out of control. Only by receiving such timely cost commitment reports, could the project manager take needed corrective actions and be able to approximate the cost effect of each technical decision. Providing all these reports

Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights Assignment Free Essays

string(186) " this case is a suspect of an impending terrorist attack with the use of a bomb will be insufficient when determining whether the actions of the police will fall under Article 3 or not\." Abstract It is vital that all individuals are afforded sufficient protection of their human rights under the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). However, much difficulty occurs when such rights are being protected at the expense of national security. Accordingly, whilst it is felt that the protection of the public should prevail on the one hand, it is argued on the other that individual rights should always be upheld. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Essentially, violations of human rights should only be made in extreme circumstances. Whether suspected terrorism should fall within the ambit of one of these exceptions is arguable, especially when there has been a threat of torture as it will be for the courts to strike a balance between the two competing interests. It will be discussed in this assignment whether the threat of the use of torture is an acceptable practice that is capable of being employed by the police during an interrogation or whether it is actually a violation of the ECHR. Introduction It will be critically discussed whether the interrogation of the suspect and the threat of the use of force will amount to a violation of the suspects rights under the European Convention of Human Rights. In doing so, Article 3 will be given consideration followed by a review as to whether the interests of national security should also be given consideration in light of the fact that there was an impending terrorist attack. European Convention on Human Rights and Torture The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) was established in 1950 by the Council of Europe. The main objective of the Convention is to ensure that adequate protection for individual’s human rights and fundamental freedoms is being provided. Ensuing from the Convention was the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), which was set up in order to provide individuals with the ability to take their case to court if they felt that their rights were undermined. Article 3 of the ECHR imposes a strict prohibition against torture and â€Å"inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.† Accordingly, this is one of the strictest Articles that exist under the Convention as there are no available exceptions to it and as is stated in the Convention; the prohibitions are made in the strictest terms irrespective of the victims conduct., Whilst this Article generally applies to any cases involving torture, unjustified deportations and degrading treatment, it is those cases involving police violence and poor detention conditions that frequently seek protection (Kamau, 2006: 15). Article 3 is thus of significant importance in preserving the interests of individuals and States must ensure that such treatment does not occur within their territory. It is questionable how effective Article 3 is in preventing such treatment being inflicted upon individuals, nonetheless, given the many cases that come before the courts. Regardless, the ECtHR will make great attempts to rectify any injustice that occurs, yet they have made clear that the level of torture that is being inflicted must be of such a level so as to enable it to fall within the ambit of Article 3; McCallum v The United Kingdom, Report of 4 May 1989, Series A no. 183, p. 29. It is questionable whether the threat of use of torture by the police in this scenario does actually fall under Article 3 since it cannot be said whether the level of the threat was significant. It is often difficult to determine whether a cause of actions will fall within the ambit of Article 3 since not all treatment that is considered punitive will amount to torture for the purposes of the ECHR. Essentially, the courts have made it clear in numerous cases that the level of seriousness will need to be high in order for their rights under the Convention to be activated. Because of this threshold it has often been extremely difficult for victims to establish their case as demonstrated in the Ireland v The United Kingdom, 18 January 1978, Series A no. 25. Here, it was made clear by the Court of Appeal that the assessment as to what the minimum level shall be will be dependent upon the individual circumstances of the case. Hence, the factors for the court to take into account when determining the seriousness of the treatment include the victims; age, sex, physical and mental effects and health. It was further evidenced by the court in Soering v The United Kingdom, judgement of 7 July 1989, Series A no. 161; â€Å"the severity will depend on all if the circumstances of the case, such as nature and context of the treatment or punishment and the manner and method of its execution.† The determination as to whether treatment or punishment will be deemed to be torture for the purposes of Article 3 may also differ from place to place given that different countries have different perceptions of torture. There has been an attempt to achieve co-operation between States in order to ensure that there is some consistency within this area, yet complexities still arise. In Greek Case, 5 November 1969, YB XII, p. 501, the European Commission of Human Rights noted the following; â€Å"it is plain that there may be treatment to which all of these descriptions apply, for all torture must be inhuman and degrading treatment and inhuman treatment also degrading.† It cannot be said that the suspect in this instance has suffered from inhuman or degrading treatment since he was merely threatened with the use of force if he did not inform the police of the bomb’s location. Article 3 is one of the most important protections that is provided under the Convention as its sole purpose is to â€Å"protect a person’s dignity and physical integrity† (Reidy, 2002: 19). This is why the courts are unable to take into account the victims conduct since individuals should be provided with the ultimate protection against torture. The fact that the victim in this case is a suspect of an impending terrorist attack with the use of a bomb will be insufficient when determining whether the actions of the police will fall under Article 3 or not. You read "Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights Assignment" in category "Essay examples" Regardless of this, however, the courts will take into account the difficulties associated with the maintenance of national security. Therefore, although the conduct of the victim will not be capable of being considered by the court, the fact that the police were trying to prevent a bomb from exploding will be as the police will be found to have been acting in the interests of national security; Tomais v France, Judgement of 27 August 1992, Series A no. 241. In the case of Ilhan v Turkey the applicant had been severely beaten at the time of his arrest and was refused medical treatment for a significant amount of time. The court found that the victim had been subjected to torture in this instance. Accordingly, it will thus depend upon the type of interrogation the victim suffers, which is unclear from the facts of this case. In Assenov v Bulgaria, Judgement of 28 October 1998, Reports 1998-VIII it was held that as a result of the interrogation the victim suffered from torture even though it was unclear who actually caused the injuries sustained by the victim. Again, this demonstrates that provided that the victim has suffered from serious injuries, it is likely that protection will be afforded under Article 3. This is also exemplified in Rehbock v Slovenia where the use of force was co nsidered unjustifiable on the grounds that the authorities could not provide any valid justification for why the injuries were so serious. If the authorities cannot justify the threat of the use of force, then it is likely that a breach of the ECHR will be found. Arguably, if the injuries sustained by the victim during the course of the interrogation are significant, then this will trigger the protection under Article 3. In deciding whether the conduct of the police will amount to torture, it will first need to be considered what actions will be considered to be of a torturous nature. There have been various definitions as to what torture consists of since it can be applied to a varying degree of situations. Regardless, it is evident that torture occurs in situations where an individual is subjected to â€Å"severe pain and suffering† as provided in the United Nations Convention against Torture. However, it will not be enough in this case to shown that the suspect was subjected to â€Å"severe pain and suffering.† Instead the whole context of the situation will need to be considered. In doing so, a review as to whether the interrogation techniques used by the Police were acceptable will need to be made. Whether this will be easy to determine is unlikely since it is questionable what will amount to acceptable interrogation techniques and as put by Amnesty International (2009: 417); â€Å"Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment can never be justified. They are never legal. Even in a state of emergency, there can be no exemption from this obligation and there is no such thing as torture perpetrated in â€Å"good faith† or â€Å"reasonable† circumstances.† Arguably, it is evident that Amnesty International does not agree with interrogation regardless as to the situation. Nevertheless, the suspect may be able to rely on the nemo tenetur seipsum accusare principle which means; â€Å"no man has to accuse himself.† This principle could effectively act as a safeguard by preventing inappropriate methods of interrogation from being used. It could be deemed inappropriate to threaten suspects with the threat of the use of force, yet based on the circumstances this appear unli kely given the impending bomb explosion. This was identified by Chiesa (2009: 2) when he pointed out that; â€Å"the nemo tenetur principle should be understood as a safeguard against the use of unacceptable methods of police interrogation.† It is questionable whether this principle will act as a safeguard, however, since it is very difficult to determine when torture has taken place as â€Å"it is not clear in the present laws† (IBN, 2010: 3). Because of this, there are often what is considered to be ‘borderline’ cases where it is difficult to see if torture has actually occurred. As a result, it cannot be said that Article 3 ECHR does actually protect individuals from torture in every situation. Accordingly, it has been said that the police routinely engage in interrogating behaviour when trying to extract confessions from individuals, yet this is generally not considered to amount to torture (Chair, 2004: 68). In view of this, it is clear that the distinction between police brutality and tortur e cannot be easily ascertained and as noted by Spicer (2007: 157) â€Å"the definition of torture and its distinction from inhuman or degrading treatment is problematic and has generated a mass of case law in the ECHR.† It is thus difficult to distinguish torture from inhuman and degrading treatment, which is why cases are frequently coming before the courts involving police brutality. This is completely unacceptable and there ought to be some protection available to individuals in preventing them from being subjected to torture: â€Å"the government should investigate, discipline those found to be implicated, and train officers to interrogate suspects without coercion† (Human Rights Watch, 2010: 1). In order to clarify the position within this area, however, the United Nations have attempted to define torture by stating under Article 1 that â€Å"torture means any act which by severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a perso n for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession.† Consequently, it would appear as though the police have inflicted torture upon the suspect because although they have not physically harmed him, they have in fact made threats against him. Thus, given that mental suffering is contained within the definition of torture as provided for under Article 1, it is likely that this type of behaviour will be considered a violation of the ECHR. Despite this, it could also be argued that because the police have arrested the suspect on suspicion of an impending terrorist attack, and have made such interrogations so as to prevent the attack from taking place, that the torture is reasonable. This is because, the police need to find out where the bomb is in order to protect society from harm and given that they only have only a few hours before the bomb explodes, it is integral that they obtain as much information out of the suspect as possible. Consequently, it could be said that the threat of the use of torture in interrogating the suspect is appr opriate based on the individual facts. In Binyam Mohamed Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs [2010] EWCA Civ 65; [2010] WLR (D) 31 it was expressed that torture will amount to a violation of Article 3 as this will generally be considered unacceptable behaviour. Clearly, this illustrates that some protection will be afforded to individuals subject to the use of torture, yet it is questionable whether this applies to the current situation given that only a threat was made. As noted by Johns (2005: 16), however; â€Å"no human being is without protection under international law and in every circumstance, every human being has some forms of protection under human rights law.† Therefore, where torture, or the threat of torture, is carried out individuals should have some form of protection available to them, yet it is debatable whether this protection is adequate since the interest of national security may outweigh the interests of the individual. The Binyam case has been the subject of much critique as the US made great attempts to prevent evidence of torture from being disclosed. This led many to also question the practices of the UK who work closely with the US in the fight against terrorism (Smith, 2009: 9) and there was a strong debate as to whether national security would be damaged if the detainee’s human rights were to be protected. This resulted in difficulty as it had to be determined whether the interests of national security or the interests of the individual were to prevail. Applying this to the instant situation, the question to be asked is whether national security would be affected, if the rights of the suspect were protected by the ECHR. Given that a bomb is about to explode, it is necessary for the police to obtain the relevant information from the suspect so that they can locate the bomb in order to protect the public from harm. Given that human rights took precedent over national security in the Biny am case, the same could also apply here. However, as put by Burke-White (2004: 17) the interests of the two are in fact mutually exclusive â€Å"promote human rights at the expense of national security or protect national security while overlooking international human rights.† Therefore, it will be difficult to determine what interests ought to be preserved in any given case as the factors to be taken into consideration will differ largely from case to case. Furthermore, not all agreed with the decision in the case and many argued that the interests of national security should have been given greater prominence: â€Å"which is more important, the human rights of a suspected al-Qaeda operative, or protecting the British people from terror attacks?† (Coughlin, 2010: 1). The interests of national security are clearly at stake since the bomb explosion could lead to serious harm. It is questionable whether the interests of the suspect should therefore be given greater consi deration given the fact that a large proportion of the population may be subjected to harm. It is questionable why the protection of the majority did not prevail in Binyam and seems to illustrate that the human rights of the suspect in the instant case may also be preserved. Rather than demonstrating a victory for the protection of human rights principles, the case has been viewed with much dismay at the way in which the government handled the case (Londras, 2010: 17). Because of the significant interest that surrounded the case it seems as though the government would have been under much scrutiny had a different decision been made. In accordance with this, it is not certain that the human rights of the suspect in the instant situation will be protected since the suspect has been subjected to a threat of torture on the basis of the imminent bomb explosion. Thus, it is extremely difficult for the judiciary to protect individual liberties and rights when the government plays the national security card (Robson, 2010: 174). This is further evidenced by the continuance reference s that were made to open justice in the Binyam case: â€Å"the principle of open justice represents an element of democratic accountability and the vigorous manifestation of the principle of freedom of expression which ultimately supports the rule of law itself† (per Lord Chief Justice). Consequently, it became apparent that the judges were cautious when making their decision and as a result it is evident that human rights will not always be protected over the interests of national security as it will again depend entirely upon the individual circumstances of the case. It is clear from the decision that there is a conflict between the protections of individual human rights with the protections of national security. However, it is still extremely difficult to determine which interest is the most important and more likely to be successful in the instant case. Simply because human rights came out on top in the Binyam case does not illustrate they will come out on top in all other cases. This is especially so given that the court appeared under pressure by the Minister of the Crown to reach this decision. Hence, it is argued on the one hand that human rights should always succeed, yet on the other that the interests of national security should also be given recognition (Salomon, 2007: 5). However, in ensuring that individuals are free from torture, a strict prohibition against the use of torture must be effectuated. This is because if individuals were not being given sufficient protection against torture, national authorities would be capable of abusing their powers and inflicting harm and degrading treatment upon individuals suspected of a crime (Churcher, 2009: 1). Given that the majority are protected from terrorism, whilst the minority are protected from torture it seems as though greater emphasis ought to be placed upon individual righ ts in order to ensure that their interests provided by the ECHR are being preserved. It is arguable whether this can be justified, however, because as Woodward (2010: 19) argues; â€Å"the need to feel safer is a need that has in large part been manufactured by those eager to capitalize on the economic value of fear.† Therefore, it is integral that national security is also being preserved, which is why it will be very difficult to decide on a reasonable outcome in cases where human rights and national security conflicts. In Dushka v Ukraine, Judgement of ECHR, February 02, 2011 it was found by the Court that the unlawful detention and questioning of a 17 year old amounted to torture and was thus a violation of Article 3. Thus, it was stated by the court that given the applicant’s vulnerable age, the practice being employed did qualify as inhuman and degrading treatment regardless as to the applicant’s conduct. In light of this decision it could be said that the treatment being imposed upon the suspect will also amount to inhuman and degrading treatment although the courts will determine the circumstances of the case as a whole taking into account the fact that a bomb was about to explode. The Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act (ATCSA) 2001 and the Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005 do, however, appear to conflict with the ECHR because of the fact that authorities are now provided with greater powers when it comes to the elimination of terrorism. As stated by Herron (2011: 1); â€Å"whilst the new powers avoided the directly discriminatory nature of executive detention in so-doing they broadened the potential applicability of other of its rights-infringing characteristics, which were retained within the new regime.† The provisions that have been provided for under these acts appear largely detrimental to individual rights and freedoms, yet this is deemed necessary in protecting individuals against the threat of terrorism can; R (on the Application of BB) v Special Immigration Appeals Commission [2011] All ER 210. Here, the court highlighted the importance of preserving the interests of national security was. Nevertheless, it is still evident that whilst the hu man rights of individuals are to be maintained, the rights of ordinary citizens also need to be given consideration. A balancing act between the two competing interests is therefore required, yet as has been discussed this is proving to be rather problematic. Ames (2005: 2) believes that â€Å"any restriction on rights must be imposed with reference to the rule of law and be subject to proper safeguards, such as judicial scrutiny.† Therefore, it must be ensured that any restrictions placed upon the rights of individuals and citizens are in accordance with the rule of law to prevent unlawful infringement from occurring. This was clearly reflected in the Binyam case since it became apparent that the rule of law was not capable of being departed from regardless as to whether the person seeking protection was a terrorist or not. This has been criticised by many since it is believed that the government used the national security card when undertaking activity that would usually be considered unlawful: â€Å"under cover of â€Å"national security† and â€Å"protecting the public† governments can embark on actions that might be unpopular, even unjust, and hope not to be called to account† (Robson, 2010: 200). This is unacceptable and unless the rule of law is continuously upheld in, democratic governance will be threatened. Essentially, it is thereby palpable that the interrogation the suspect has suffered by the Police is unlawful and contrary to the provisions of Article 3, yet the authorities may still be able to rely upon the national security defence when putting forward there reasons. This will make it much more difficult for the suspect to argue that there has been a violation of their rights under the ECHR as the police may be able to demonstrate that national security was at risk. This is because the interests of society as a whole will usually be afforded greater protection than individual interests. Conclusion Overall, it does appear as though the treatment the suspect has received from the police is a violation of his rights under the ECHR. However, given the complexity of the case, it is likely that there will be much difficulty when trying to determine whether such rights should be enforced over the interests of national security. Accordingly, the case will involve a balancing act by the courts to establish whether the interests of the suspect ought to prevail given that the public was at risk of harm. This will be extremely difficult to determine, although in light of recent cases such as Binyam, it is likely that the courts will find the interests of the suspect will prevail. References Ames, J. (2005) ‘News: 90-day Detention Plans Shelved’ 3 Law Society Gazette 2, Issue 45. Amnesty International. (2009) Impunity for CIA Torture is Incompatible with USA’s International Obligations, [Online] Available at: http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/obama-accused-quotcondoning-torturequot-20090417 [15 December 2013]. Burke-White, W. W. (2004) ‘Human Rights and National: Security: The Strategic Correlation’, Harvard Human Rights Journal, Volume 17, [Online] Available: http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/hrj/iss17/burke-white.shtml [16 December 2013]. Chair, J. (2004) Torture: A Collection, Oxford University Press, Political Science. Chiesa, L. E. (2009) Beyond Torture: The Nemo Tenetur Principle in Borderline Cases, PACE Law Faculty Publications, PACE University, (2009), Available [Online] at: http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1642context=lawfaculty [16 December 2013]. Churcher, J. (2010) UK intelligence knew of terror suspects torture, The Independent UK, (24 November, 2009), [Online] Available: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/uk-intelligence-knew-of-terror-suspects-torture-1826634.html [16 December 2013]. Coughlin, C. (2010) Binyam Mohamed: choose human rights or Britain’s protection?, The Daily Telegraph, [Online] Available: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/7206832/Binyam-Mohamed-choose-human-rights-or-Britains-protection.html [16 December 2013]. de Londras, F. (2010) ‘Human Rights Lexicon: Security v Rights and the Case of Binyam Mohamed’, Human Rights in Ireland, [Online] Available: http://www.humanrights.ie/index.php/2010/03/17/human-rights-lexicon-security-v-rights-and-the-case-of-binyam-mohamed/ [16 December 2013]. Herron, R. (2011) ‘Counter-Terrorism, Rights and the Rule of Law: How Far Have we Come Since Executive Detention?’ Human Rights in Ireland, [Online] Available: http://www.humanrights.ie/index.php/2011/09/07/counter-terrorism-rights-and-the-rule-of-law-how-far-have-we-come-since-executive-detention/ [16 December 2013].Human Rights Watch. (2010) Zambia: Police Brutality, Torture Rife, [Online] Available at: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/09/03/zambia-police-brutality-torture-rife [16 December 2013]. IBN, Prevention of Torture Bill: Par panel to consider suggestions, (22 September, 2010), [Online] Available at: http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/prevention-of-torture-bill-par-panel-to-consider-suggestions/343857.html [16 December 2013]. Johns, F. (2005) Guantanamo Bay and the Annihilation of the Exception, European Journal of International Law, EJIL 2005 16 (613), Issue 4. Kamau, E. (2006) The Police, The People, The Politics: Police Accountability in Tanzania, Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, CHRI. Reidy, A. (2002) The Prohibition of Torture; A Guide to the Implementation of Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Human Rights Handbook, [Online] Available: http://www.coe.int/t/dgi/publications/hrhandbooks/HRHAND-06(2003)_en.pdf [14 December 2013]. Robson, G. (2010) ‘In the Balance’, Criminal Law Justice Weekly, Essential Resource for Professionals Serving the Criminal Courts Since 1837, Issue 14, (2010) 174 JPN 200. Salomon, S. E. (2007) Global Responsibility for Human Rights: World Poverty and the Development of International Law, OUP Oxford. Smith, R. (2009) ‘Columnist: Rights and Wrongs – Winning Hearts and Minds’, Law Society Gazette, (2009) LS Gaz, 19 Mar, 8, Issue 11, (19 March, 2009). Spicer, R. (2007) No Torture; no debate, New Law Journal, 157 NLJ 1761, Issue 7301. Woodward, P. (2010) ‘America’s National Security Protection Racket’ War in Context, [Online] Available: http://warincontext.org/2010/07/19/americas-national-security-protection-racket/ accessed [16 December 2013]. How to cite Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights Assignment, Essay examples